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A. D. HARRISON. HEAT EXCHANGING APPARATUS. APPLICATION man JULY 9. 1918.

1 25,637. Patented Dec. 23, 1919 3 SHEETSSHEET I.

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Patented Dec. 23, 1919.

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APPLICATION 'FILED JULY 8. I918.

Patented Dec. 23, 1919.

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UNITED STATES PAT OFFIGE.

ALBERT DEX HARRISON, OEMARPLE, ENGLAND.

HEAT-EXCHANGING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dec. 23, 1919.

Application filed July 9, 1918. Serial No. 244,081.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT Dnx- HARRI- SON, a subject of the King ofGreat Britain, residing in Marple, England, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in. Heat-Exchanging Apparatus, of whlch thevfollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to apparatus for the transmission or exchange ofheat between two fluids, of the type wherein two sets of plate elementsare arranged alternately,

face to face, to constitute a nest or pile and through adjacentcompartments, and means are provided to prevent the fluids coming intocontact with each other.

The invention consists in improved construction and arrangement of partsin such apparatus, the object being to provide a simple form ofapparatus particularly applicable to the case in which the fluids are inliquid form.

In one known form of heat interchanging apparatus similar to the abovekind. of

apparatus but in which, while one of the.

fluids makes its entry and exit from one set of compartments by means ofinlet and outlet passages provided respectively in the two end plates orcovers, the other fluid is introduced into its set of compartmentsthrough openings in the sides of thevnest of plate elements, each plateelement near two of its edges, for instance near both its upper andlower edge, is formed with an aperture, the

plates being assembled so that the apertures at the lower edges arecoaxial and form a pocket which is an extension of the said inletpassage, the upper apertures of the plates being likewise disposed toconstitute a second pocket which is an extension of the said outletpassage. In such a construction the fluid entering-the inlet pocket isenabled to reach the outlet pocket by flowing through one compartmentonly and Without traversing all the other compartments.

In constructing myimproved apparatus I provide therein four pockets, twofor the conduct of one of the fluids and two for the conduct of theother fluid, and to this end the plates of alternate plate elements,that is to say the plates of one set of elements, are formed each withfour apertures or holes, two of which constitute respectively an inletand'an outlet for one of the fluids in its passage through a compartmentadjacent to one face of the plate and two form an inlet and an outletfor the other fluid E0 and from the compartment on the other face of theplate. mediate plate elements, or second set of elements, are providedwith two or more holes, the number varying according tothe length ofpath that a fluid is required to traverse in passing through theapparatus. The fluids on issuing..from the respective inlet pocketsenter passages which are formed by the ribs on the faces of the plates.The flanges between the plates of the plate elements extend around theholes in the plates and are cut away to permit the passages formed bythe ribs to communicate with the hole from or to which it is desired afluid should flow. The ribs are so arranged that each passage is of aspiral, circuitous or zigzag nature and, traversing the whole surface ofa plate, is of comparatively long length. Fluid entering a plate passagefrom an inlet pocket is thus caused to flow over the whole surface ofthe plate before reachingthe outlet hole.

The pockets in the improved apparatus may each be either'continuous fromend to end between the end covers, or divided along its length intosections according as the fluid traversing it is required to pass one ormore times over the surfaces of the plates.

The improved construction, though designed more especially for dealingwith liquids may, however, with advantage be used for the cooling orheating of air where, on account of the relatively poor heattransmission factor, the passages are required to be much longer than inthe case of steam having a high transmission factor.

To enable the invention to be fully understood it will now be describedwith reference to the accompanying drawings as applied to an oil cooler,in which Figure 1 is an elevation partly .in section on line 11 of Fig.2, of an oil cooler constructed in accordance with this invention; Fig.2 is a plan of Fig. 1 with the top plate or cover removed; Fig. 3 is asectional elevation on The plates of the interline 3-3 of Fig. 4 ofamodified form of oil cooler; Fig.4 is a plan of Fig. 3 with the topplate or cover removed; Fig. 5 is a section on an enlarged scale of twoassembled plates as shown in Figs. l and 2; Fig. 6 is a plan of afurther modified form of plate; Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation of amodification of the construction shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 8 is a plan ofone side of a modified form of plate element; Fig. 9 being a plan of thereverse sidethereof; and, Fig. '10 is a sectional elevation of two plateelements j of the modified form shown in Figs. 8 and 9 assembledalternately with elements con sistin each of a fiat rolled platefurnished with anges.

In the several figures corresponding parts are denoted by correspondingreference I numerals.

The oil cooler illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 is built up of a pluralityof elements 1 and 2 clamped together by bolts 3 between end covers 4 and5. The elements 1 consist of a plate 6 furnished on its two sides withribs 7 and '7 respectively, and with four apertures which when theelements are assembled form four pockets 8, 9, 10 and 11, the positionsof which vary according to the type of plate employed. A flange 12surrounds the plate 6 and the several apertures therein, the depth ofsuch flanges being oil outlet pocket 9 and the dotted lines the.

' ribs 7* forming by and between them similar passages which connect thewater inlet pocket 10 with thewater outlet pocket 11.-

The passages are arranged so that the flow of the respective liquids isreversed while passing through said passages.

Communication between the several pockets and their respective passagesis obtained by the provision of apertures 13 and 14 respectively in theflange 12.

l/Vhen the elements 1 and 2 are placed alternately one above the otheras shown in Fig. 1 a continuous passage is produced on the upper face ofplate 1 connecting oil inlet pocket 8 with oil outlet. pocket 9, while asimilar passage is produced on the lowerface of the same plateconnecting the water inlet pocket 10 with the water outlet pocket 11.The oil cooler is built up by arranging any desired number of plates 1and 2 alternately in the above manner; the clamping bolts 3 pass on theoutside of the plates and through holes provided on the end coversneeaeer and serve to clamp the plates tightly together preventingleakage through the joints made by the flanges 12.

The oil is introduced at connection 15 and enters the oil inlet pocket 8from which it isallowed to enter the oil passages through apertures 13and after circulating over the plate along a circuitous path leading tothe center, it flows radially to the oil outlet pocket 9 which connectswith the oil outlet connection 16. Similarly, water enters at connection17 and into water pocket 10 from which through apertures 14 it flowsradially to the center of the plate and afterward by spirally disposedpassages it enters the water outlet pocket 11 and is discharged at thewater outlet connection 18.

The construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4 varies from that alreadydescribed in that the flow of the liquids is not reversed in thepassages and'the oil inlet and the water outlet pockets 8 and 11,respectively, are located in the center of the plate instead of at theperiphery. The joints to prevent leakage from these pockets are made bya centrally disposed bolt 19.

Fig. 5 illustrates one method of building up one of the elements 1 shownin Figs. 1 and 2. According to this arrangement a cast or rolled metalband 22 of the required shape is furnished on its internal face with agroove adapted to receive a plate 23. The pockets 8, 9, 10 and 11 areformed by strips 24 secured in the desired positions to the band 22 inany known manner. The ribs 7,

7* are formed of strips bent to the required shape and secured to theplate 23in any desired manner such as by brazing or solder- 111 Fig. 6illustrates a modified form of plate element 1 in which straightpassages are formed for the oil and water which follow a zigzag path,the water passages on the reverse side of the plate being similarlyarranged, such passages commencing and finishing at the pockets notoccupied by the 0il. While the construction is somewhat simplified theresistance to the flow of the liquid is somewhat increased beyond thatin the case of plates of the forms as described above.

In the plate element 1 shown in Figs. 3 and 4 the required flanges 12and ribs 7, 7* are cast in one with the plate 6.

It will be evident that the channels for the passage of the fluidsbetween adjacent plate elements may be variously formed,

tit

adjacent plate elements and that the invention is not to be consideredas being restricted thereto.

If desired, instead of the plates all being arranged in parallel as inthe constructions above described, so that the fluids pass only acrossone plate in their passage between the inlet and outlet connections,they may be formed and arranged so that one or other or bothof thefluids will before reaching an outlet pocket pass over two or moreplates, that is, will pass over the plates in series. Such anarrangement is' shown in Fig. 7, in which each of the plate elements 1has four holes and plate elements 2 two apertures or holes only.

In thi construction it will be seen that the liquids are compelled topass first over one plate and then over the one above and so on rightthrough the complete series, before being delivered respectively to theconnections 16 and 18 in the top cover. The direction of flow of thefluids can be reversed if a contra-flow arrangement of the fluids isdesired.

Many modifications can be made to the flow of the fluids by suitablyplacing plain plate elements 2 having two, three or four holes. Thus byplacing a plate element 2 having two holes midway between the covers,the remainder of the plates having four holes, the fluids are caused topass over one half of the plates and then over the other half, thepositions of the outlet connections being accordingly altered.

Again, by using plate elements 2 provided with three holes, one fluidmay be caused to flow over the plates in series and the second fluid inpar.llel.

Such constructions and arrangements of plates render it possible to dealwith any number of fluids.

The plate elements may be produced by pressing, die-casting or stampingwthout departing from the principle of this invention.

In plate elements 1, formed as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the holes orpockets are so disposed that the plates themselves may be circular andhave a central round hole. Fig. 8 shows the arrangement of the pool;-ets and passages throughwhich the o1l 1s caused to flow, and Fig. 9, thereverse side of the same plate, illustrates the water passages.

Fig. 10 hows the plate element 1 in Figs. 8 and 9 assembled alternatelywith a plane plate element 2 having external and internal flanges. Theelement 1 is turned on the outside and bored, While plate element 2 hasflanges adapted to fit over the outer and inner edges of element 1.These flanges can be formed by pressing, stamping or spinning, theobject being to provide an improved means of making the inner and outerjoints between the two elements.

Having thus described the nature of the said invention and the bestmeans I know of carrying the same into practical effect, I claim:

1. Apparatus for the transmission or exchange of heat between two fluidscomprising two sets of plate elements, fluid passages formed by ribsbetween adjacent plate elements, said ribs being so disposed that eachof said passages traverse the whole surface on one side of a plate, foursets of coaxial apertures in the plate elements forming.

fluid pockets, assages connecting half of said pockets with alternatefluid passages, and passages connecting remainder of pockets withremainder of fluid passages, substantially as and for the purpose hereinset forth.

2. Apparatus for the transmission or exchange of heat between twofluids, comprising two sets of plate elements, fluid passages formed byribs between adjacent plate elements, said ribs being disposed to causereversals of direction of flow of the fluids in traversing the fluidpassages, four sets of coaxial apertures in the plate elements formingfluid pockets, passages connecting half of said pockets with alternatefluid passages, and passages connecting remainder of pockets withremainder of fluid passages, substantially as and for the purpose hereinset forth.

3. Apparatus for the transmission or exchange of heat between two fluidscomprising two sets of plate elements, fluid pas sages formed by ribsbetween adjacent plate elements, said ribs being so disposed that eachof said passages traverses the whole surface on one side of a plate andcauses reversals of the fluids traversing the fluid passages four setsof coaxial apertures in the plate element forming fluid pockets,-

passages connecting half of said pockets with alternate fluid'passages,and passages connecting remainder of pockets with remainder of fluidpassages, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribin witnesses.

ALBinrr DEX HARRISON.

Witnesses:

OLIVER IMRAY,

C. S. HOPKINS.

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